Air index | European Lung FoundationThe potential problems associated with lung diseases and air travel are well recognised. Most people with lung conditions are now able to safely enjoy the benefits of air travel if they plan their provisions in advance. In this database, airlines are listed alphabetically, detailing their individual oxygen policies for passengers. Contact details, including website address and Twitter usernames, are provided for you to give feedback directly to the airlines.
Pneumotox On Line
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 Source: pneumotox.com |
| Clinical Resource: Database |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This article explores the relationship between pharmacotherapy and pulmonary adverse effects from frequently prescribed agents used to treat common chronic diseases.
| Source: uspharmacist.com |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This review will provide an update regarding medications and their potential for pulmonary side effects. A summary of drugs known to cause pulmonary disorders, although not all inclusive, is provided in TABLE 1.
| Source: uspharmacist.com |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Drug-induced lung disease is a relatively common condition caused by an adverse reaction to medication and it is often impossible to predict who will develop lung disease resulting from a drug.
| Source: mcppnet.org |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This review will discuss current preoperative pulmonary evaluation strategies that are supported by the existing literature, focusing on new developments in the past 2 to 4 years.
| Source: chestnet.org |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
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| Last Checked: 12/07/13 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: eaaci.org |
| Clinical Resource: Position Paper |
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| Last Checked: 25/03/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Although the efficacy of the different H1 antihistamines in the treatment of allergic patients is similar, even when comparing first- and second-generation drugs, they are very different in terms of chemical structure, pharmacology and toxic potential. Consequently, knowledge of their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics is important for the correct usage of such drugs, particularly in patients belonging to extreme age groups, pregnant women, or subjects with concomitant diseases.
| Source: jiaci.org |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
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| Last Checked: 25/03/13 | Link Error: Report It |
H1 antihistamines remain first-line medications for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria. Second-generation antihistamines are preferred to their predecessors because of better benefit- to-risk ratios. The newer antihistamines are not only more potent, but also have anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties. Although they are more expensive than the traditional antihistamines, the cost is substantially offset by their superior efficacy and safety profile when used in recommended dosages.
| Source: allergysa.org |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
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| Last Checked: 21/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Histamine exerts a series of actions upon the cardiovascular system. Thus, through mediation of the H1 and H2 receptors, histamine increases vascular permeability and induces hypotension, with reflex tachycardia. In turn, at heart muscle level, histamine action upon the H1 receptors induces an increase in atrioventricular node conduction, while the H2 receptors mediate positive chronotropic and inotropic effects. The H1 antihistamines, as inverse agonists, exert the opposite effect, with partial countering of the aforementioned actions. However, the main concern in relation to the cardiovascular safety of the antihistamines refers to their cardiac arrhythmogenic potential. A review is provided below of the principles and clinical particulars of these worrisome adverse effects.
| Source: jiaci.org |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
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| Last Checked: 25/03/13 | Link Error: Report It |
The first generation antihistamines (i.e. chlorpheniramine which can be found in Chlor-Trimeton Allergy) are preferred for pregnancy because they have been around longer and better studied during pregnancy. However, second generation antihistamines may be preferred by women due to their lower rates of CNS side effects, such as sedation and performance impairment (Blaiss, 2003). Therefore, this Risk Newsletter will discuss pregnancy outcomes following use of the second generation antihistamines, cetirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (Allegra), and loratadine (Claritin).
| Source: fetal-exposure.org |
| Clinical Resource: Teratogen Information Service Newsletter |
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| Last Checked: 19/08/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Antihistamines and Breastfeeding
| Source: breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Drug Information Factsheet |
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| Last Checked: 08/08/16 | Link Error: Report It |
The table below gives details of lactose free formulations of oral antihistamine
| Source: sps.nhs.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Medicines Question and Answer |
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| Last Checked: 22/09/16 | Link Error: Report It |
This position statement highlights the suppressive effects of inhaled corticosteroids on the endogenous hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.
| Source: endocrinology.org |
| Clinical Resource: Position Statement |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Prepared by the Antiallergic Drugs Subcommittee of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI).
| Source: eaaci.org |
| Clinical Resource: Position Paper |
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| Last Checked: 25/03/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This article will review aerosolized corticosteroid agents available and their indication for use.
This issue will focus on how corticosteroids work, how they help, and side effects by their use. The focus will be towards inhaled corticosteroids, however, systemic corticosteroids will be discussed pointing out major differences.
This issue will focus on where and when corticosteroids can be used in clinical practice. The focus will be toward inhaled corticosteroids in the use of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
| Source: foocus.com |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Articles |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Dose equivalence for commonly used inhaled corticosteroid inhalers
| Source: pharmac.govt.nz |
| Clinical Resource: Brochure |
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| Last Checked: 28/11/16 | Link Error: Report It |
As the debate continues about whether the EC formulation provides gastro-protection compared with the uncoated tablets, in addition to the cost differential of the two products (three-fold difference at time of writing based on Drug Tariff June 2013), a summary of the findings of the DTB and an update of the literature with a focus on the implications of switching formulations are presented
| Source: sps.nhs.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Medicines Question and Answer |
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| Last Checked: 22/09/16 | Link Error: Report It |
Theophylline, usually administered orally, is an effective bronchodilator which may be used in the management of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).
| Source: theipcrg.org |
| Clinical Resource: Opinion Sheet |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Theophylline is used as adjunctive treatment in severe persistent asthma and chronic obstructive airways disease. The use of theophylline is considered when the standard combination therapy of inhaled short and long acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids do not adequately control symptoms.
| Source: auspharmlist.net.au |
| Clinical Resource: Pharmacy E-Bulletin |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
When changing a patient’s therapy from IV aminophylline to oral therapy with either theophylline or aminophylline, the bioavailability and the salt equivalence should be considered.
| Source: sps.nhs.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Medicines Question and Answer |
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| Last Checked: 22/09/16 | Link Error: Report It |
Nebulisers are used to deliver bronchodilators to people with asthma or COPD or antibiotics to those with bronchiectasis.
There is now substantial evidence that the use of a metered dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer is just as effective as a nebuliser, even in acute asthma.
| Source: bpac.org.nz |
| Clinical Resource: Article |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Nebulisation
Luton and Dunstable University Hospital
This section deals with nebulisers; compatibilities of commonly used nebulised solutions
| Source: ldh.nhs.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
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| Last Checked: 10/12/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Nebulized Medication Compatibility
| Source: vhpharmsci.com |
| Clinical Resource: Table |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are useful for diagnosing the cause of unexplained respiratory symptoms and monitoring patients with known respiratory disease.
| Source: aafp.org |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
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| Last Checked: 05/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
A comprehensive guide to the use of spirometry in clinical practice, including an overview of information provided by spirometry, when to perform this test, interpretation of spirogram results, and troubleshooting.
| Source: goldcopd.org |
| Clinical Resource: Guide |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 21/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Spirometry is fundamental to making a confident diagnosis of COPD, yet research has shown that it has been under-utilised.
Many doctors and nurses have been apprehensive about using spirometry in their day-to-day practice. They regarded it as time-consuming, and they lacked confidence about the interpretation of the results. The first edition of this booklet was produced by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) COPD Consortium to encourage use of spirometry by:
This second edition has been revised to incorporate recommendations on the use of spirometry in the NICE guideline on COPD.
Keep this booklet handy so that you can refer to it at any time when you are considering spirometry and normal lung function. It is meant to be a working reference.
| Source: brit-thoracic.org.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Booklet |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 11/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
A great deal of information can be obtained from a spirometry test; however, the results must be correlated carefully with clinical and roentgenographic data for optimal clinical application. This article reviews the indications for use of spirometry, provides a stepwise approach to its interpretation, and indicates when additional tests are warranted.
| Source: aafp.org |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 13/03/14 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: adelaide.edu.au |
| Clinical Resource: Calculator |
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| Last Checked: 10/12/13 | Link Error: Report It |
The SpirXpert website aims at promoting understanding respiratory physiology and pathophysiology. The emphasis is on the measurement and interpretation of spirometric test results.
| Source: spirxpert.com |
| Clinical Resource: Various |
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| Last Checked: 13/03/14 | Link Error: Report It |
Spirometry is the gold standard for the diagnosis, assessment and monitoring of COPD, and may assist the diagnosis of asthma. It can also contribute to the diagnosis of other causes of dyspnoea.
| Source: theipcrg.org |
| Clinical Resource: Opinion Sheet |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 19/10/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Enter Age, Height, Gender and Race. To see Percent Prediced, you must enter observed FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75% values in the appropriate boxes.
| Source: cdc.gov |
| Clinical Resource: Calculator |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This handbook was written as a guide for those involved in the performance and interpretation of spirometry in clinical practice, i.e. medical practitioners and assisting nursing staff, and as an introduction to the topic for scientists and technicians. It is not intended to be an exhaustive review but rather a guide aiming to help improve the knowledge and techniques of those already doing and interpreting spirometry, and to introduce spirometry to those learning how to do it for the first time. The important facts about types of spirometers, how the test is actually performed and interpreted, and some common pitfalls and problems are covered in the main text.
| Source: nationalasthma.org.au |
| Clinical Resource: Handbook |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 15/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
A Guide to Performing Quality Assured Diagnostic Spirometry
This step by step guide shows how high quality diagnostic spirometry can be delivered in primary care and elsewhere. It provides a clear outline covering operator competency, calibration and cleaning, preparation of the patient, operation of the equipment, interpretation of results and quality assurance.
| Source: pcc-cic.org.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Guide |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 13/03/14 | Link Error: Report It |
This information paper provides an up-to-date summary of lung function testing for asthma, including practical advice on how to perform spirometry accurately and effectively, and when peak flow should be considered.
| Source: nationalasthma.org.au |
| Clinical Resource: Information Paper |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 15/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: sign.ac.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 28/09/17 | Link Error: Report It |
American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology Practice Parameters and Guidelines
| Source: aaaai.org |
| Clinical Resource: Practice Parameters and Guidelines |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 08/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Asthma is the leading chronic disease among children in most industrialized countries. However, the evidence base on specific aspects of pediatric asthma, including therapeutic strategies, is limited and no recent international guidelines have focused exclusively on pediatric asthma. As a result, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology nominated expert teams to find a consensus to serve as a guideline for clinical practice in Europe as well as in North America. This consensus report recommends strategies that include pharmacological treatment, allergen and trigger avoidance and asthma education. The report is part of the PRACTALL initiative**, which is endorsed by both academies.
| Source: eaaci.org |
| Clinical Resource: Consensus Report |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 25/03/13 | Link Error: Report It |
The EPR 3 Guidelines on Asthma was developed by an expert panel commissioned by the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) Coordinating Committee (CC), coordinated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health.
| Source: nih.gov |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Updated April 2015
This comprehensive and practical resource about one of the most common chronic lung diseases worldwide contains extensive citations from the scientific literature and forms the basis for other GINA documents and programs.
| Source: ginasthma.org |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 21/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
A 4-page pocket-size booklet that puts key principles of evidence-based asthma treatment at the healthcare professional’s fingertips for quick reference in clinical decision-making situations. Based on the 2014 Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, the At-A-Glance Reference summarizes and reinforces the key messages of other GINA documents, enhancing the clinician’s understanding of effective therapies and their benefits. The booklet provides key reference information on topics including:
| Source: ginasthma.org |
| Clinical Resource: Booklet |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 21/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
The Australian Asthma Handbook is Australia's national guidelines for asthma management and National Asthma Council Australia's flagship publication, forming the foundation of all our health professional resources.
“The Australian Asthma Handbook was developed by primary care for primary care. It contains exactly what primary carers need — practical and useful information in plain English, underpinned by the latest evidence.”
| Source: nationalasthma.org.au |
| Clinical Resource: Handbook |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 15/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Ask the Expert serves the needs of licensed healthcare professionals who have questions about diagnosing and treating their patients' allergies and asthma
| Source: aaaai.org |
| Clinical Resource: Questions and Answers |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 08/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
A series of Grand Rounds presentations and group discussions regarding current issues in asthma management designed for physicians and other health care providers with a specialized interest in asthma and related diseases.
| Source: asthma.partners.org |
| Clinical Resource: Grand Rounds |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This information paper outlines the importance of considering the possibility of adult-onset asthma in people aged 65 years and over with dyspnoea, wheeze or cough, even if they have no previous diagnosis of asthma.
| Source: nationalasthma.org.au |
| Clinical Resource: Information Paper |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 15/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
The 2008 revision of the ARIA Report, published as a Supplement in the European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, reviews the latest scientific evidence on the definition and classification of rhinitis, risk factors, mechanisms, and diagnosis and treatment, with extensive citations from the scientific literature.
In 2010, the ARIA expert panel completed an analysis of the key clinical questions in the ARIA Report according to the WHO GRADE methodology. This document gives additional perspective on the use of various treatments for allergic rhinitis using a careful, conflict-of-interest-free analysis.
| Source: whiar.org |
| Clinical Resource: Report and Update |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 25/03/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This guide provides a practical, step-by-step approach to aid pharmacists in advising patients:
| Source: whiar.org |
| Clinical Resource: Report |
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| Last Checked: 25/03/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This information paper looks at the relationship between asthma and allergy, focussing on allergy triggers and patterns, diagnosis and testing, allergy avoidance, and specific allergen immunotherapy.
| Source: nationalasthma.org.au |
| Clinical Resource: Information Paper and Reference |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 15/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Leukotriene inhibitors are the first new class of medications for the treatment of persistent asthma that have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in more than two decades. They also have been approved for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Prescriptions of leukotriene inhibitors have outpaced the evidence supporting their use, perhaps because of perceived ease of use compared with other asthma medications.
| Source: aafp.org |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This is the complete study and findings designed for clinicians and researchers who are seeking extensive information on the latest developments in asthma treatment and therapeutic approaches during pregnancy. It is a must-have for asthma specialists.
| Source: nih.gov |
| Clinical Resource: Report |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 07/05/14 | Link Error: Report It |
Allergic sensitization to common allergens can be detected in approximately 25% to 35% of the general population in industrialized countries. In the United States of America (USA) about 18-30% of woman in the childbearing age suffer from allergic diseases, especially rhinitis and asthma. Other allergic diseases which may complicate pregnancy include conjunctivitis, acute urticaria, anaphylaxis, food allergy and drug allergy. These disorders represent the most common group of medical conditions that complicate pregnancy. Optimal management of these disorders during pregnancy is vital to ensure the welfare of the mother and the baby.
| Source: worldallergy.org |
| Clinical Resource: Summary |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 07/05/14 | Link Error: Report It |
This information paper provides an evidence-based summary of the effectiveness of various complementary therapies used by people with asthma.
| Source: nationalasthma.org.au |
| Clinical Resource: Information Paper and Reference |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 15/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
One person in every five households in the UK is receiving treatment for asthma, according to latest figures. As well as treatment for asthma, many of these individuals also self-medicate for minor illnesses or require prescribed medication for other conditions. It is important that the drugs they take do not adversely affect their asthma control. In this article we review which drugs might cause problems in patients also taking treatment for asthma.
| Source: bjpcn-respiratory.com |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Asthma and allergic disease rates have increased dramatically in the last few decades. The exact reasons for this increase remain unknown. Some media reports, anecdotal evidence and uncontrolled observational studies have suggested that this increase may be due to vaccines stimulating changes in the immune system which may affect the development of chronic allergic and autoimmune conditions.
| Source: ncirs.edu.au |
| Clinical Resource: Factsheet |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 19/10/15 | Link Error: Report It |
In this Drug Points article the author describes a case of unrecognised airways disease where prescribing timolol resulted in shortness of breath and comments on the issues it raises
| Source: eu.wiley.com |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 22/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Beta-agonists are commonly used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Beta-blocker use in asthma has been widely studied. In general, cardioselective beta-blockers (eg, acebutolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, celiprolol, metoprolol) appear to be effective for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, tachyarrhythmias, hypertension, heart failure, and acute coronary syndrome without increased risk of asthma exacerbation.
| Source: hanstenandhorn.com |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 12/06/17 | Link Error: Report It |
In this review we will discuss common pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of COPD and HF and we will review the evidence derived from trials on beta-blocker use, safety and benefits among elderly patients.
| Source: sigg.it |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 12/06/17 | Link Error: Report It |
This statement is issued to coincide with the publication of BNF62 that contains (in section 6.5.1) an amendment to cautions and contraindications in the use of Tetracosactide (Tetracosactrin).
| Source: endocrinology.org |
| Clinical Resource: Position Statement |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: acponline.org |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 30/12/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Updated January 2015. Evidence-based strategy document for COPD diagnosis, management, and prevention, with citations from the scientific literature.
| Source: goldcopd.org |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 21/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
The resources which are available for this therapeutic topic can be accessed via the menu on the left-hand side of the page. The e-learning home page suggests ways in which you may like to use the wide variety of e-learning materials.
| Source: webarchive.org.uk |
| Clinical Resource: e-Learning |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 24/04/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Inhaled atropine causes bronchodilatation, but systemic absorption via the lung results in unwanted adverse effects. Ipratropium bromide and tiotropium bromide are structural analogues of atropine which have minimal systemic absorption following inhalation because of their quaternary ammonium structure. These anticholinergic drugs are useful bronchodilators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
| Source: nps.org.au |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 08/08/16 | Link Error: Report It |
This edition of Eldercare will review some of the interactions between treatments for COPD and treatments for two of the most chronic medical problems in older adults - heart disease and diabetes (Table 1). Please note that this review focuses on patients with stable COPD in outpatient settings, and does not apply to acutely ill or hospitalized patients.
| Source: aging.arizona.edu |
| Clinical Resource: Factsheet |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 21/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Cardioselective beta-blockers such as metoprolol and atenolol are usually safe and effective in patients with well controlled COPD with or without a reversible obstructive component. Carvedilol (a combined non-selective beta-blocker and alpha-blocker) also appears to be safe to use in COPD patients without reversible airways obstruction.
| Source: bpac.org.nz |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 22/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This opinion sheet will review the evidence for the benefits of early diagnosis and give you some tools that you can use to make changes in your practice to improve health outcomes for your patients.
| Source: theipcrg.org |
| Clinical Resource: Opinion Sheet |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 19/10/15 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: eshonline.org |
| Clinical Resource: Newsletter |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 19/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have worse quality of life, greater limitation of activity, more anxiety and depression than patients with lung cancer, yet access to palliative care services is rare.
| Source: theipcrg.org |
| Clinical Resource: Opinion Sheet |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 31/05/13 | Link Error: Report It |
The goal of palliative symptom management is to relieve the patient’s sense of breathlessness. Management can be pharmacologic and/or non-pharmacologic.
| Source: aging.arizona.edu |
| Clinical Resource: Factsheet |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 26/10/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Croup is a common paediatric respiratory illness involving inflammation and narrowing of the subglottic region of the larynx, frequently precipitated by viral infections. Treatment is aimed at decreasing symptoms and reducing inflammation. Glucocorticoids are effective by oral, parenteral or nebulized routes, and continue to provide the mainstay of therapy. The common oral dexamethasone dose (0.6mg/kg) may exceed the dose required for good clinical efficacy.
| Source: oxfordjournals.org |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This paper focuses on management of the most common causes of chronic cough in adults: postnasal drip syndrome (PNDS), asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
| Source: cfp.ca |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Alberta Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Acute Bronchitis
| Source: topalbertadoctors.org |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 19/10/15 | Link Error: Report It |
The resources which are available for this therapeutic topic can be accessed via the menu on the left-hand side of the page. The e-learning home page suggests ways in which you may like to use the wide variety of e-learning materials.
| Source: webarchive.org.uk |
| Clinical Resource: e-Learning |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 24/04/15 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: idsociety.org |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 15/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: idsociety.org |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 15/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Upper respiratory tract infections collectively encompass a range of syndromes with various aetiologies. Our Drug review considers the common URTIs and their diagnosis and management, including when to prescribe antibiotics, followed by sources of further information in Resources.
| Source: eu.wiley.com |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
This resource outlines the principles of rational antibiotic use in upper respiratory tract infections commonly encountered in general practice in New Zealand.
| Source: bpac.org.nz |
| Clinical Resource: Publication |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: idsociety.org |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 15/05/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Topics
Basic TB Facts
Treatment
Testing & Diagnosis
TB & HIV Coinfection
Infection Control & Prevention
Vaccine & Immunizations
TB in Specific Populations
Laboratory Information
Drug-Resistant TB
Research
| Source: cdc.gov |
| Clinical Resource: Various |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Fact sheet on tuberculosis
Q&A: what is TB? How does it spread?
The Stop TB Strategy
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)
Tuberculosis and HIV
| Source: who.int |
| Clinical Resource: Various |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
The Institute Website houses an extensive collection of downloadable and adaptable resources and the training staff provides technical assistance to a variety of providers and TB programs to develop and integrate training into their own unique circumstances.
| Source: umdnj.edu |
| Clinical Resource: Various |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 21/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread disease found in both poorly developed and well-developed countries. TB can be a devastating and deadly disease despite advances in therapy. It primarily infects the lungs and is classified as either latent or active. Latent tuberculosis is treated in order to avoid progression to active tuberculosis disease.
| Source: uspharmacist.com |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Tuberculosis remains a worldwide problem despite well documented, well publicised methods of prevention and cure. Poverty and HIV infection are major reasons for its persistence. We review the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis.
| Source: europepmc.org |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 07/04/14 | Link Error: Report It |
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Survival Guide for Clinicians, Second Edition was created through a collaboration of the Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center (CNTC) and the State of California Department of Public Health, Tuberculosis Control Branch (CDPH).
The Guide contains information and user-friendly tools and templates for use by any clinician who participates in the management of patients with drug-resistant TB. From physicians to pharmacists, infection control practitioners to public health nurses, the Guide arms all healthcare providers in the fight against drug-resistant TB.
The 10 chapters and 15 appendices cover major topics pertaining to epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, medications, monitoring, special situations, adverse reactions, case management, legal issues, and treatment of contacts.
| Source: currytbcenter.ucsf.edu |
| Clinical Resource: Guide |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Characteristics of Second-Line Drugs for MTB
One-page flow diagram for clinicians and health-care providers.
| Source: heartlandntbc.org |
| Clinical Resource: Flow Diagram |
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| Last Checked: 19/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of TB/HIV coinfection 2011
| Source: bhiva.org |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: health.qld.gov.au |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
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| Last Checked: 21/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: health.qld.gov.au |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
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| Last Checked: 21/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: health.qld.gov.au |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
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| Last Checked: 21/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Administration, reading and interpretation
| Source: webarchive.org.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Factsheet |
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| Last Checked: 13/03/14 | Link Error: Report It |
Tuberculosis Adverse Drug Events
| Source: heartlandntbc.org |
| Clinical Resource: Pocket Guide |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 19/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Guidelines for the Management of Adverse Drug Effects of Antimycobacterial Agents
| Source: upenn.edu |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
The three key anti-tuberculosis drugs, viz isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin, are potentially hepatotoxic. Deaths due to fulminant liver necrosis have been reported, albeit rare in occurrence. With the changing demographics and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis patients in many parts of the world, hepatotoxicity is of increasing concern in the treatment of this disease.
| Source: fmshk.org |
| Clinical Resource: Bulletin |
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| Last Checked: 29/04/13 | Link Error: Report It |
Assessing and Managing the Risk of Liver Disease in the Treatment of LTBI
| Source: heartlandntbc.org |
| Clinical Resource: Flow Diagram |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 19/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Rifamycins and Anti-Diabetic Agents: Drug-Drug Interactions
A 2-sided diagram for clinicians and healthcare providers that describes drug-drug interactions of Rifamycins and Anti-Diabetic Agents.
| Source: heartlandntbc.org |
| Clinical Resource: Diagram |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 19/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
Tuberculosis Medication Drug and Food Interactions
| Source: heartlandntbc.org |
| Clinical Resource: Pocket Guide |
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| Last Checked: 19/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: escardio.org |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
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| Last Checked: 28/04/15 | Link Error: Report It |
This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic process, and treatment of pulmonary embolism.
| Source: racgp.org.au |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
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| Last Checked: 02/07/14 | Link Error: Report It |
Objective testing for pulmonary embolism is necessary, because clinical assessment alone is unreliable and the consequences of misdiagnosis are serious. No single test has ideal properties (100% sensitivity and specificity, no risk, low cost).
| Source: europepmc.org |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
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| Last Checked: 07/04/14 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: rcog.org.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
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| Last Checked: 19/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: rcog.org.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
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| Last Checked: 19/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
British Society for Haematology Guideline on Oral Anticoagulation With Warfarin - Fourth Edition
| Source: b-s-h.org.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
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| Last Checked: 16/11/16 | Link Error: Report It |
Presented by the American Society of Hematology, adapted in part from the American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy (9th Edition).
| Source: hematology.org |
| Clinical Resource: Guide |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 20/08/15 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: b-s-h.org.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 16/11/16 | Link Error: Report It |
This Medicines Q&A focuses on the potential risks of adverse effects associated with the administration of small volume IM injections to patients taking oral anticoagulants.
| Source: sps.nhs.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Medicines Question and Answer |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 22/09/16 | Link Error: Report It |
Welcome to WarfarinDosing.org, a free Web site to help doctors and other clinicians begin warfarin therapy by estimating the therapeutic dose in patients new to warfarin. This site is supported by the Barnes-Jewish Hospital at Washington University Medical Center, the NIH, and donations. Estimates are based on clinical factors and (when available) genotypes of two genes: cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1).
Recommendations on this Web site are based on data from over 1000 patients.Once information is entered onto the next page, the initial estimate of therapeutic dose explains 53% of the variability in a warfarin dose. If you return to the Web site and enter an INR value after 3 and/or 4 warfarin doses, the dose refinement is even more accurate.
| Source: warfarindosing.org |
| Clinical Resource: Calculator |
| Register to Access Content: No |
| Last Checked: 17/02/14 | Link Error: Report It |
While anticoagulants are useful in many circumstances, their use during pregnancy increases the risk of hemorrhage and other adverse effects on the mother and the fetus. Treatment with anticoagulants during pregnancy must therefore be carefully considered, with judicious selection of the agent, and with reflection on the physiologic changes of pregnancy to ensure appropriate dosing. In this article, we review these issues.
| Source: mdedge.com |
| Clinical Resource: Journal Article |
| Register to Access Content: Yes - registration is FREE |
| Last Checked: 19/06/17 | Link Error: Report It |
The drugs in this list are more usually associated with loss of INR control in patients already established on warfarin.
| Source: derbyhospitals.nhs.uk |
| Clinical Resource: List |
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| Last Checked: 02/07/14 | Link Error: Report It |
Crystalline warfarin sodium (Coumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin, Coufarin, Athrombin-K) is the most widely used oral anticoagulant in the world. Warfarin interferes with the hepatic synthesis of the vitamin-K dependent coagulation factors by interfering with the vitamin K cycle. Laboratory monitoring of warfarin therapy is mandatory, since the agent has a relatively narrow therapeutic range.
| Source: pathology.vcu.edu |
| Clinical Resource: Educational Resource |
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| Last Checked: 17/02/14 | Link Error: Report It |
Full reversal of warfarin-induced coagulopathy is indicated in patients who do not require warfarin therapy. However, special consideration must be given to patients who require therapeutic anticoagulation in the event of a warfarin overdose. The purpose of this discussion is to review treatment guidelines for these patents.
| Source: utah.edu |
| Clinical Resource: Poison Control Centre Newsletter |
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| Last Checked: 02/07/14 | Link Error: Report It |
| Source: sign.ac.uk |
| Clinical Resource: Guideline |
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| Last Checked: 28/09/17 | Link Error: Report It |
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